

The article itself notes that the mothers were not given adequate time and given the complexity of having children who are legally US citizens, it can be readily argued that due process was denied in these cases:
One of the US children removed from the country has “a rare form of metastatic cancer” and was deported without medication or medical consultations, the ACLU said.
Gracie Willis of the National Immigration Project said the mothers weren’t given a fair opportunity to decide whether they wanted the children to remain in the United States. Willis said the 4-year-old and the 7-year-old were deported to Honduras within a day of being arrested with their mother.
Definitely #1. I’ve encountered #2 with a very specific IDE and #4 and #5 on occasion.